Fig. 7

3DOM imaging of actin filaments in U2OS cells. a Comparison of WF and 3DOM imaging of actin filaments in U2OS cells. b The schematic diagram of the structure of actin filaments labeled by AF488-phalloidin, where the ensemble dipole orientation is parallel to the filament. The orientation of the AF488-phalloidin is defined by \(\left( {\rho ,\eta } \right)\) in the coordinate system. c 3DOM results within three white dashed boxed in (a). The rods represent the orientation and are color-coded according to the measured \(\rho\) and \(\eta\), respectively, with their lengths are proportional to \(\sin \eta\). d The distribution of azimuthal angle \(\rho\) and polar angle \(\eta\) in the region indicated in (c). e WF imaging and 3DOM imaging of the near-linear distribution of actin filaments. f The intensity distribution comparison between WF and 3DOM within the yellow dashed box in (e). g The intensity distribution comparison between WF and 3DOM at the white dashed line in (f), and 3DOM can distinguish two filaments that cannot be resolved by WF imaging. h The dipole histogram of the white line in (e), the deviation on \(\rho\) represents the difference between the dipole azimuth orientation and the filament direction. i Mean azimuthal value \(\overline{\rho }\) and polar value \(\overline{\eta }\) in the white dashed rectangular region shown in (e), along with the corresponding standard deviations \(\sigma_{\Delta \rho }\) and \(\sigma_{\Delta \eta }\),where \(\Delta \rho = \rho - \overline{\rho }\) and \(\Delta \eta = \eta - \overline{\eta }\). Scale bars (a, e), 1 μm; (c, f), 200 nm