MXene sensors based on optical and electrical sensing signals: from biological, chemical, and physical sensing to emerging intelligent and bionic devices

Wu, Leiming; Yuan, Xixi; Tang, Yuxuan; Wageh, S.; Al-Hartomy, Omar A.; Al-Sehemi, Abdullah G.; Yang, Jun; Xiang, Yuanjiang; Zhang, Han; Qin, Yuwen

doi:10.1186/s43074-023-00091-7

PhotoniX

Table 7 Partial electrochemical sensors based on MXene

From: MXene sensors based on optical and electrical sensing signals: from biological, chemical, and physical sensing to emerging intelligent and bionic devices

Materials	Method	Target	Detection limit	Linear range	Refs
Platinum nanoparticles/ Ti₃C₂T_x	Cyclic voltammetry	Bisphenol A	32 nM	50 nM – 5 μM	[176]
Au NPs/ Ti₃C₂T_x-PDDA	Amperometry	Nitrite	0.059 μM	0.1–2490 μM and 2490–13,500 μM	[177]
ZnO/Ti₃C₂T_x/Nafion/Au	Cyclic voltammetry	Dopamine	0.076 μM	0.1 – 1200 μM	[178]
Ti₃C₂T_x /GCE	Differential pulse voltammetry	BrO₃⁻	41 nM	50 nM – 5 M	[179]
Prussian blue@ Ti₃C₂T_x	Differential pulse voltammetry	Malathion	1.3 × 10^–16 M	0.0001 − 1.0 nM	[160]
Ti₃C₂-MXene/BP	Linear Sweep Voltammetry	Naphthalene Acetic acid	1.6 nM	0.02 – 40 μM	[180]
Ti₃C₂ /MWCNTs	Differential pulse voltammetry	Hydroquinone	6.6 nM	2 – 150 μM	[181]
Ti₃C₂ /MWCNTs	Differential pulse voltammetry	Catechol	3.9 nM	2 – 150 μM	[181]
MXene/SPE	Differential pulse voltammetry	Acetaminophen	0.048 μM	0.25 – 2000 μM	[174]
MXene/SPE	Differential pulse voltammetry	Isoniazid	0.064 mM	0.1 – 4.6 mM	[174]
Bismuth/MXene	Stripping voltammetry	Pb²⁺	10.8 nM	0 –0.6 µM	[182]
Nano-Composite	Stripping voltammetry	Cd²⁺	12.4 nM	0 –0.6 µM	[182]
GC/Ti₃C₂ − HF/TBA/GOx/GTA	Cyclic voltammograms	Glucose	23.0 μM	50 − 250 μM	[183]
Ti₃C₂T_x /Pt nanoparticles	Cyclic voltammetry	H₂O₂	0.448 μM	490 μM − 53.6 mM	[184]
Ti₃C₂T_x@CB/GCE	Differential pulse voltammetry	Cu²⁺	4.6 nM	0.01–15.0 μM	[171]
Alk-Ti₃C₂/GCE	Square wave anodic stripping voltammetry	Cd(II)	0.098 μM	0.1–1.5 μM	[170]
		Pb(II)	0.041 μM
		Cu(II)	0.032 μM
		Hg(II)	0.13 μM
Au- Ti₃C₂T_x	Sandwich-type electrochemical immunoassay	CYFRA21-1	0.1 pg·mL⁻¹	0.5–1.0 × 10⁴ pg·mL⁻¹	[166]
Ti₃C₂T_x-Fe₂O₃ composite	Cyclic voltammetry	H₂O₂	7.46 nM	10 nM – 1 μM	[185]
Ti₃C₂/G-MWCNTs/ZnO/GCE	Differential pulse voltammetry	Dopamine	3.2 nM	0.01–30 μM	[172]
Au@Carbon QDs-MXene	Differential pulse voltammetry	Nitrite	0.078 μM	1 – 3200 μM	[186]
Cu-MOF/Ti₃C₂T_x	Cyclic voltammetry	Hygromycin B	1.92 × 10^–9 M	5 × 10^–9 – 5 × 10^–6 M	[25]
Glucose Oxidase/PEDOT:4-Sulfocalix [4]arene/MXene Composite	Cyclic voltammetry	Glucose	0.0225 mM	0.5 – 8 mM	[187]
rGO/MXene‑Pd/rGO	Differential pulse voltammetry	Luteolin	2.0 × 10^–10 M	6 × 10^–10 – 8 × 10^–7 M and 1 × 10^–6 – 1 × 10^–5 M	[188]
Ce-MOF/Ti₃C₂T_x	Differential pulse voltammetry	L-Tryptophan	0.19 μM	0.2 – 139 μM	[189]
N-Ti₃C₂/PC composite	Differential pulse voltammetry	Acetaminophen	0.050 μM	1–150 μM	[190]
N-Ti₃C₂/PC composite	Differential pulse voltammetry	4-aminophenol	0.059 μM	1–150 μM	[190]
CNT/Cu₂O NPs/ Ti₃C₂T_x	Differential pulse voltammetry	Diethylstilbestrol	6 nM	0.01 – 70 μM	[191]
Ni embedded Ti₃C₂T_x composites	Differential pulse voltammetry	Methylmalonic acid	0.12 pM	0.001 – 0.017 µM	[192]
L-cys/AuNPs/MXene	Cyclic voltammetry	Antigen–antibody	0.54 ng mL⁻¹	5–180 ng mL⁻¹	[173]
Ti₃C₂T_x MXene/graphene composite	Differential pulse voltammetry	p-nitrophenol	0.16 μM	1 – 175 μM	[193]
Ti₃C₂T_x-TiO₂/NiWO₄	photo-electrochemical	Prostate-specific antigens	0.15 fg.mL⁻¹	1.2 fg.mL⁻¹ – 0.18 mg.mL⁻¹	[194]
MXenes/Apt2/exosomes/Apt1/PNIPAM-AuNPs/GCE	Electro-generated chemiluminescence	MCF-7 Exosomes	125 Particles/L	5 × 10² –5 × 10⁶ Particles/L	[195]
MIP-MXene/NH₂- CNTs/GCE	Differential pulse voltammetry	Fisetin	1 nM	0.003–20.0 μM	[196]
Alk-Ti₃C₂/N-PC	Differential pulse voltammetry	Hydroquinone	4.8 nM	0.5–150 μM	[197]
Alk-Ti₃C₂/N-PC	Differential pulse voltammetry	Catechol	3.1 nM	0.5–150 μM	[197]
MXene/CNHs/β-CD-MOFs	Differential pulse voltammetry	Carbendazim pesticide	1 nM	3.0 nM – 10.0 μM	[198]
PB-MXene-Apt/Apt/PAMAM-Au NPs/GCE	Square-wave pulse voltammetry	Exosomes	229 particles μL⁻¹	5 × 10² particles μL⁻¹ − 5 × 10⁵ particles μL⁻¹	[199]
Ti₃C₂T_x@FePcQDs hybrid	Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy	miRNA-155	4.3 aM	0.01 fM – 10 pM	[200]

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