Table 3 Summary of the Ti_n+1C_nT_x (n = 1, 2, 3) MXene-based gas sensors

Ti₃C₂T_x

acetone

100

0.97

50 ppb

[87]

ethanol

100

1.7

100 ppb

ammonia

100

0.8

100 ppb

propanal

100

0.88

-

Ti₃C₂T_x

acetone

100

7.5

9.27 ppm

[12]

ethanol

100

11.5

-

methanol

100

14.3

-

ammonia

100

21

-

3D Ti₃C₂T_x Mxene framework

acetone

10

1.44

50 ppb

[93]

ethanol

10

1.74

50 ppb

methanol

10

2.18

50 ppb

ammonia

10

0.74

-

thichloromethane

10000

0.11

-

water vapor

10000

0.53

-

NO₂

10

0.94

-

Ti₃C₂T_x derived from graphite

ethanol

100

0.125

-

[94]

acetone

100

0.195

-

ammonia

5

0.55

-

Ti₃C₂T_x derived from lampblack

ethanol

100

0.1

-

acetone

100

0.15

-

ammonia

5

0.38

-

Ti₃C₂T_x derived from TiC

ethanol

100

0.158

-

acetone

100

0.23

-

ammonia

5

0.62

-

Ti₃C₂T_x /polyaniline/bacterial cellulose

methanol

1000

1.3

-

[91]

ethanol

1000

6.3

-

methylbenzene

1000

0.8

-

ethyl acetate

1000

1.2

-

acetone

1000

0.92

-

ammonia

7.5

56.63

2.5 ppm

Polyaniline/ Ti₃C₂T_x

ethanol

200

41

50 ppm

[89]

methanol

200

19

-

ammonia

200

19.8

-

acetone

200

20.5

-

Ti₃C₂T_x/WSe₂

ethanol

40

-9.3

1 ppm

[88]

methanol

40

-7.3

-

acetone

40

-4.3

-

hexane

40

-1.9

-

benzene

40

-1.4

-

toluene

40

-2.4

-

Polymeric Ti₃C₂T_x

ammonia

100

36.6

10 ppm

[95]

toluene

100

1.2

-

ethanol

100

4.6

-

methanol

100

14

-

acetone

100

3.4

-

N-MXene

NH₃

1

13.9

0.2 ppm

[90]

SO₂

10

-0.78

-

NO

5

5.86

-

H₂S

1

1.49

-

HCHO

1

0.95

-

CO₂

10

2.76

-

CO

10

2.43

-

benzene

10

1.5

-

acetone

10

1.05

-

toluene

10

1.14

-

ethanol

10

0.87

-

MXene/rGO

acetone

50

1.04

-

[29]

ethanol

50

0.95

-

NH₃

50

6.8

10 ppm

H₂S

50

1

-

SO₂

50

1.13

-

Xylene

50

0.59

-

benzene

50

0.96

-

TiO₂/ Ti₃C₂T_x

NH₃

10

3.1

0.5 ppm

[96]

H₂S

10

0.29

-

CO

10

0.46

-

CH₄

10

0.35

-

HCHO

10

0.2

-

CO₂

10

0.81

-

Alkalized Ti₃C₂T_x

ethanol

100

2.47

-

[67]

acetaldehyde

100

3.14

-

formaldehyde

100

5.25

-

methanol

100

2.15

-

acetone

100

0.43

-

Methane

100

3.54

-

NO₂

100

10.41

-

ammonia

100

28.87

10 ppm

single-layer Ti₃C₂T_x MXene

CH₄

500

0.5

-

[97]

H₂S

500

0.16

-

H₂O

500

0.39

-

ethanol

500

1.5

-

methanol

500

0.18

-

acetone

500

0.3

-

NH₃

500

6.13

10 ppm

NO

500

0.38

-

W₁₈O₄₉/Ti₃C₂T_x-2%

ethanol

20

1.67

-

[98]

acetone

20

11.6

170 ppb

formaldehyde

20

1.2

-

ammonia

20

2

-

TiO₂/ Ti₃C₂T_x-8 h

toluene

5

0.40

-

[99]

ethanol

5

0.32

-

propanal

5

0.42

-

acetone

5

0.52

-

ammonia

5

2.10

-

NO₂

5

16.02

125 ppb

TiO₂/ Ti₂CT_x

(CH₃)₂CO

10

0.42

-

[100]

NH₃

10

1.93

0.1 ppm

HCHO

10

0.52

-

C₂H₅OH

10

0.35

-

H₂S

10

0.25

-

C₆H₅CH₃

10

0.24

-

NO₂

10

0.36

-

Fluoroalkylsilane modified Ti₂CT_x

acetone

30

3.37

-

[101]

ethanol

30

5.58

-

2-propanol

30

2.73

-

toluene

30

0.74

-

benzene

30

0.61

-

NO₂

30

1.16

-

MXene/ZnO nanorod hybrids

NO₂

50

80

0.2 ppb

[92]

Ti₂CT_x MXene

CH₄

10000

68

-

[102]

Ti₃C₂T_x/WS₂

NO₂

20

55

10 ppb

[103]

MXene/Co₃O₄ composite

formaldehyde

10

9.6

0.01 ppm

[104]

3D crumpled MXene sphere/ZnO

NO₂

100

41.93

-

[105]