Fig. 1

A schematic categorization of intelligence algorithm-aided designs for nanophotonic components. The symbolic brain along with two arrows in the middle signifies that intelligence algorithms could boost optical properties and inversely develop on-demand photonic devices. In this review, the meta-atom spectral tuning (a dashed box) is given as a case study to illustrate two stages of intelligent methods. The splits extended from symbolic brain represent major substances explicitly outlined in the following context. The left gray backgrounds classify these algorithms as traditional optimizers (a light gray sector) and DL-based techniques (a dark gray sector), respectively, while the targeted functional meta-components are highlighted in the rainbow color-coded segment on the right