Fig. 4

Spatial shifting and scaling properties of Fourier transform for space projection on the original holographic pattern. a-c The projection angle is set as θ = 30 ° , φ = 0°. a Phase map for the first spatial-shifting sample. b Numerical simulations and c. experimental results of electric field intensity distribution at 100 mm focal length and 10 GHz working frequency. d-f The projection angle is set as θ = 30 ° , φ = 30°. d Phase map of the second spatial-shifting sample. e Numerical simulations and f experimental results of electric field intensity distribution at 100 mm focal length and 10 GHz working frequency. g-i The magnification value along x-axis is set as 2 for the scaling operational Huygens’ metasurface. g Phase map of the scaling sample. h Numerical simulations and i. experimental results of electric field intensity distribution at 100 mm focal length and 10.3 GHz working frequency