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Fig. 2 | PhotoniX

Fig. 2

From: Planar metasurface-based concentrators for solar energy harvest: from theory to engineering

Fig. 2

(a) Light propagation with phase discontinuities: (I) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a representative antenna array. (II) Schematic experimental setup for y-polarized excitation (electric field normal to the plane of incidence); (III and IV) Measured far-field intensity profiles of the refracted beams for y- and x-polarized excitations. (b) Illustration of a reflective nanorod-based computer-generated hologram for a circularly polarized incident beam. (c) Schematic description of a specific gradient index metasurface that can convert a propagating wave into a surface wave with nearly 100% efficiency. (d) Reconfigurable Huygens’ meta-lens and characteristics of meta-atom: (I) Active Huygens’ meta-lens for dynamic electromagnetic wave focusing. Upper-right inset: spatial distribution of the capacitances used to achieve two focal spots; (II) Capacitance-dependent phase and amplitude responses of electromagnetic wave transmission for incident electric and magnetic fields. (e) 1-bit digital metasurface and coding metasurface: (I) 1-bit digital metasurface composed of only two types of elements: ‘0’ and ‘1’; (II) A square metallic patch unit structure (inset) to realize ‘0’ and ‘1’ elements and the corresponding phase responses; (III and IV) Two 1-bit periodic coding metasurfaces for controlling the scattering of beams. (a) Reproduced with permission [47]. Copyright 2011, American Association for the Advancement of Science. (b) Reproduced with permission [61]. Copyright 2015, Nature Publication Group (NPG). (c) Reproduced with permission [62]. Copyright 2012, NPG. (d) Reproduced with permission [63]. Copyright 2017, Wiley-VCH. (e) Reproduced with permission [64]. Copyright 2014, NPG

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