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Fig. 2 | PhotoniX

Fig. 2

From: Deep learning-enabled compact optical trigonometric operator with metasurface

Fig. 2

Designed input and output modes and training results of the diffractive neural networks and the proposed metasurface structure for mapping the hidden layer. (a) Designed target output image utilized for training the network. (b) All designed types of outputs corresponding to four trigonometric operation modes in this work. (c) Normalized error between the obtained and ideal results during the iteration of the designed diffractive neural network. (d) Schematic diagram of the unit cell of the proposed metasurface with corresponding simulation settings. (e) Photograph of the fabricated metasurface and phase map of the optimized metasurface-based optical trigonometric operator

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