Fig. 1

Amplitude-only holography and complex amplitude holography based on metasurfaces. a Schematic illustrations of demonstrated photon sieves. Two completely different holographic images can be reconstructed through quantitatively correlated amplitude modulations [10]. b Complex amplitude holography based on dielectric metasurfaces composed of X-shaped meta-atoms. The principle is shown on the top panel. The simulated and experimental results of proposed complex amplitude hologram are shown on the bottom panel [59]. c Dielectric metasurfaces composed of amorphous silicon (α-Si) nanofins with different sizes and orientation angles for complete and independent control of complex amplitude under circular polarization illumination. The scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images of fabricated metasurfaces are shown on the middle. Complex amplitude modulation can be obtained at two different frequencies and result in the reconstruction of holographic images [60]