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Table 1 Comparison of refractive index (n), nonlinear refractive index (n2) and extinction coefficient (k) at two different wavelengths for optical nonlinear materials (a) and OPCM (b)

From: Perspective on photonic memristive neuromorphic computing

Material

n

λ = 600 nm

n

λ = 1500 nm

n2

(m2/W)

k

λ = 600 nm

k

λ = 1550 nm

a Nonlinear optical materials

 graphene

2.7 [115]

3.1 [115]

−1∙10− 13 at λ = 1600 nm [84]

1.3 [115]

2.2 [115]

 GO

1.9 [116]

2.1 [117]

8∙10−13 at λ = 800 nm [118]

0.1 [116]

0.3 [117]

 reduced GO

1.8 [116]

–

−4.9∙10−13 at λ = 800 nm [119]

0.2 [116]

–

 Silicon

4 [115]

3.5 [120]

4.3∙10−18 at λ = 1600 nm [121]

0.03 [115]

0.01 [120]

b Phase change materials

 GST (amorphous)

3.2 [122]

3.1 [122]

–

1 [122]

0.1 [122]

 GST (crystalline)

3.3 [122]

4.2 [122]

–

1.8 [122]

0.8 [122]

 VO2 (amorphous)

3.0 [123]

3.3 [123]

–

0.5 [123]

0.4 [123]

 VO2 (crystalline)

2.2 [123]

2.8 [123]

7.5∙10−8 at λ = 800 nm [101]

03.9 [123]

0.6 [123]

 As2S3

2.7 [124]

2.4 [124]

3.8∙10−10 at λ = 1550 nm [124]

–

–

 Sb2Te3

1.8 [110]

6.0 [110]

2.6∙10−9 at λ = 632.8 nm [125]

2.9 [110]

0.8 [110]