Fig. 5

Spatiotemporal enhancement of cardiac dynamics imaging using DeepBID. Additionally, see Fig. S13. a–d, Image of the heartbeat at various phases (with time indicated relatively by clock schematic) during the cardiac cycle. A, atrium; V, ventricle. e–h, The corresponding restoration of the heartbeat at various time points using MP-SSL. Blue-yellow dashed line indicates the vague cardiac silhouette, which was resolved (blue-yellow solid line) by the network. The color composition of blue and yellow in the middle bar signifies the atrium and ventricle size ratios during their systolic and diastolic processes. Yellows boxes correspond to the magnified views. Yellow line in the inset images refers to the line of the shown cross-section. i, Contours of the atrium and ventricle depicted using the denoised images, with black arrowheads indicating contraction and relaxation directions. j, Zoom-in views of an erythrocyte adjacent to the heart, gradually moving out of view. Magenta arrowheads indicate the vague erythrocyte. k, Denoised images courtesy of MP-SSL, revealing a clarified erythrocyte (green arrowheads). The motion direction of the erythrocyte is marked by yellow arrows, with \({\varvec{v}}\) denoting velocity. l, Illustrations of erythrocyte locations at distinct instances based on its clear motion (k), a challenge with noisy stacks (j). Scale bars, 30 μm in d, h and 10 μm in j, k