Fig. 1
From: Chip-to-chip optical multimode communication with universal mode processors
Working principle and chip fabrication of the intelligent mode processor. a The chip-to-chip MDM system setup. b The mode processor consists of four aligned single-mode gratings, a 4 × 4 optical MZI unitary matrix and a 2 × 2 grating antenna transmitter/receiver. The mode generator generates orthogonal optical modes (LP modes or OAM modes) through customized training. These modes carry different information and are mixed during transmission. The mode sorter is trained to separate these modes and transmit them to the desired output port. c The mode patterns of LP modes and OAM modes. d The optical and electrical package of the chip. e The microscope image of the fabricated chip