Recent application of Raman spectroscopy in tumor diagnosis: from conventional methods to artificial intelligence fusion

Qi, Yafeng; Liu, Yuhong; Luo, Jianbin

doi:10.1186/s43074-023-00098-0

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Table 3 SERS for tumor diagnosis

From: Recent application of Raman spectroscopy in tumor diagnosis: from conventional methods to artificial intelligence fusion

Sample	Target	Substrates	Methods	LOD	Diagnosis	Ref
Tissue	-	Ag NPs@Ag NR	PCA	5.0 × 10⁻⁹ M	Brain cancer	[114]
Tissue homogenate	-	Ag films	PCA	-	Brain cancer	[115]
	-	Ag films	PLS, PCA	-	Brain cancer	[116]
	-	Ag films	PCA, PLS-DA	-	Salivary glands carcinoma	[143]
Cell	mRNA	Au nanoclusters	-	3.4 pM	Bladder cancer	[111]
	miRNA	Ag nanopillar	-	451 zmol, 1.65 amol	Breast cancer	[117]
	Creatinine	Ag NRs	PCA, PLS-DA	5.3 μM		[118]
	miRNA	Au NPs	-	-		[119]
	miRNA	Au NPs	-	1 pmol/L		[121]
	EGFR	TiO_x	-	1 nM		[124]
	Exosome	Au NRs	-	5.3 × 10³ particles/mL		[125]
	-	Au NP colloid	PCA-LDA	-	Breast esophageal & liver cancer	[145]
	CSCs	Ni-based nanoprobes	PCA	-	Breast cervical & lung cancer	[146]
	VEGF	Fe₃O₄/Au NPs	-	2.3 pg/mL	Melanoma	[135]
	CTCs	Au NPs	-	-	Melanoma	[136]
	Telomerase	Au NPs	-	-	Lung cancer	[147]
Blood	CTCs	Au-rGO@anti-ErbB2	-	5 cells/mL	Breast cancer	[120]
	CTCs	TiO₂ NPs	-	2 cells/mL	Breast cancer	[126]
	CTCs	Au NPs	-	-	Liver cancer	[131]
	CTCs	Ag₂O-4MPY-rBSA-FA	-	1 cell per mL	Liver cancer	[132]
	MMPs	Au NPs	-	0.07 ng/mL	Nasopharyngeal cancer	[137]
Plasma	-	Ag NPs	PCA-LDA	-	Bladder cancer	[112]
	Exosome	Au NSs	-	2.4 particles/mL	Lung cancer	[134]
	Exosome	Au NPs	PCA	-	Osteosarcoma	[138]
	-	Ag NPs	PCA-LDA PLS-DA		Thyroid tumors	[144]
Serum	-	Ag NPs	PCA-QDA		Gastrointestinal tumors	[128]
	Albumin	Ag colloid	PCA-LDA	-	Liver cancer	[129]
	AFP	Au@AgNCs/MoS₂	-	0.03 pg /mL	Liver cancer	[130]
	-	Ag NPs	PCA-LDA	-	Prostate cancer	[140]
	AR-V7 protein	Au films	-	16 μg/ mL		[141]
	PSA	Au NPs	-	0.9 pg/mL		[142]
Urine	mRNA	Au nanoclusters	-	3.4 pM	Bladder cancer	[111]
Urine	-	Ag colloid	PCA-LDA	-	Bladder cancer	[113]
Tear	-	Au/HCP-PS	PCA-LDA	-	Breast cancer	[122]
Exhaled breath	Aldehydes	Ag NPs@ZIF-67/g-C₃N₄	-	1.35 nM	Lung cancer	[133]
Biomarker solution	EpCAM, CEA	Ag nanoforest	-	0.2 pmol	Colorectal cancer	[148]
Cell	CTCs	Ag layer	KNN	-	Breast cervical laryngeal liver lung ovarian cancer	[149]
	-	Ag layer	SVM	-	Lung cancer	[150]
	EVs	Au nanohole	LR	-	Ovarian cancer	[151]
Serum	-	Au NPs	PCA-SVM	-	Cervical & breast cancer	[123]
	-	ZnO/AgNP/AuNP	1D-CNN	-	Liver cancer	[152]
	EVs	Au-CD81-EVs-EphA2-Au	CT	-	Pancreatic cancer	[153]
Urine	-	Ag colloid	SVM	-	Liver cancer	[154]

CSCs Cancer stem cells, CEA Carcinoembryonic antigen, CTCs Circulating tumor cells, CT Classification tree, CNN Convolutional neural network, EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptors, EpCAM Epithelial cell adhesion molecule, EVs Extracellular vesicles, Au NRs Gold nanorods, Au NSs Gold nanostars, KNN k-nearest neighbors, LOD Limit of detection, LDA Linear discriminate analysis, LR Logistic regression, MMPs Matrix metalloproteinases, NCs Nanocubes, PLS Partial least squares, DA Discriminate analysis, PCA Principal component analysis, PSA Prostate specific antigen, QDA Quadratic discriminant analysis, Ag NPs silver nanoparticles, Ag NRs silver nanorods, SVM Support-vector machines, VEGF Vascular endothelial growth factor, AFP α-fetoprotein

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