Fig. 3

AO enables high-resolution imaging in brain tissue sections. a Maximum intensity projection of the neuronal structures with which the aberration was measured. The structures are centered 250 μm below the tissue surface. b Corrective wavefront. The dashed squares indicate the layout of the wavefront segments, where each wavefront segment corresponds to a unit square. An independent mask approach was used in the measurement process. c Maximum intensity projection of the neuronal structures 240–260 μm (XY) and 230–270 μm (XZ) below the tissue surface. The dashed yellow boxes indicate the positions of the structures in (a). d Intensity profiles along the magenta and cyan lines in (c). e, f Zoomed-in views of the blue and brown boxes in (c) . The image without AO correction in the brown box is enhanced with a 3x digital gain to increase the visibility. The yellow arrowheads in (f) indicate the spines. Scale bars, 10 μm in (a), 20 μm in (c), 5 μm in (e) and 2 μm in (f)